Topics / Cardiometabolic Risk
Focus area
Cardiometabolic Risk
Evidence you can trust. Clinical questions you care about.
Lipids, statins, ApoB, blood pressure, and cardiovascular prevention evidence.
Reviewed by Neal Rouzier, MD, Preventive Medicine · Aug 2026
10 published deep analyses
Featured evidence questions
Top clinical questions
High-priority clinical questions with structured evidence analysis in this focus area.
Should adults take statins for primary
Should adults take statins for primary cardiovascular prevention?
Meta-analyses of primary prevention trials show reduced major adverse cardiovascular events with statins in appropriately selected moderate-to-high-risk adults. Shared decision-making should weigh absolute risk reduction against side effects and patient preference.
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Should aspirin be used for primary
Should aspirin be used for primary cardiovascular prevention?
Current guidelines generally discourage routine aspirin for primary prevention in low-to-moderate-risk adults because bleeding harm offsets modest benefit. Select high-risk individuals may still be considered with shared decision-making.
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Does elevated lipoprotein(a) independently increase cardiovascular
Does elevated lipoprotein(a) independently increase cardiovascular risk?
Mendelian randomization and epidemiologic data support Lp(a) as a causal cardiovascular risk factor. Specific Lp(a)-lowering therapies are emerging but routine treatment beyond standard risk factor control awaits outcome trial confirmation.
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Is ApoB more useful than LDL-C
Is ApoB more useful than LDL-C for cardiovascular risk prediction?
Prospective cohorts and meta-analyses suggest ApoB may capture atherogenic particle burden better than LDL-C alone, particularly when triglycerides are elevated or LDL particles are discordant with LDL-C.
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Published deep analyses
Evidence map
All published structured analyses in this focus area, with core studies and explainable confidence.
Should adults take statins for primary
Should adults take statins for primary cardiovascular prevention?
Meta-analyses of primary prevention trials show reduced major adverse cardiovascular events with statins in appropriately selected moderate-to-high-risk adults. Shared decision-making should weigh absolute risk reduction against side effects and patient preference.
Open deep analysis →
Should aspirin be used for primary
Should aspirin be used for primary cardiovascular prevention?
Current guidelines generally discourage routine aspirin for primary prevention in low-to-moderate-risk adults because bleeding harm offsets modest benefit. Select high-risk individuals may still be considered with shared decision-making.
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Do therapies that raise HDL reduce
Do therapies that raise HDL reduce cardiovascular events?
Trials of niacin and CETP inhibitors raised HDL without consistent reduction in cardiovascular events when added to statins, challenging the hypothesis that raising HDL alone is protective.
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Does elevated lipoprotein(a) independently increase cardiovascular
Does elevated lipoprotein(a) independently increase cardiovascular risk?
Mendelian randomization and epidemiologic data support Lp(a) as a causal cardiovascular risk factor. Specific Lp(a)-lowering therapies are emerging but routine treatment beyond standard risk factor control awaits outcome trial confirmation.
Open deep analysis →
Is ApoB more useful than LDL-C
Is ApoB more useful than LDL-C for cardiovascular risk prediction?
Prospective cohorts and meta-analyses suggest ApoB may capture atherogenic particle burden better than LDL-C alone, particularly when triglycerides are elevated or LDL particles are discordant with LDL-C.
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Should coronary artery calcium scoring guide
Should coronary artery calcium scoring guide statin decisions?
Coronary artery calcium can reclassify intermediate-risk patients and inform statin initiation when risk is uncertain. A score of zero may support deferring therapy in selected low-risk individuals with shared decision-making.
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Do omega-3 supplements prevent cardiovascular disease
Do omega-3 supplements prevent cardiovascular disease in the general population?
High-dose EPA (icosapent ethyl) reduced events in selected high-risk statin-treated patients in REDUCE-IT. General over-the-counter omega-3 supplements show inconsistent or null benefit in primary prevention populations.
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Can hormone therapy help insulin resistance
Can hormone therapy help insulin resistance in peri- and postmenopausal women?
Some studies show improved insulin sensitivity with estrogen-based therapy in early postmenopause, but results are not uniform across regimens. HRT should not replace evidence-based diabetes prevention or treatment.
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Does hormone therapy improve metabolic syndrome
Does hormone therapy improve metabolic syndrome markers?
Menopausal hormone therapy may favorably affect some metabolic markers in selected women but is not a primary treatment for metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk management remain foundational.
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Does testosterone therapy affect blood pressure
Does testosterone therapy affect blood pressure?
Testosterone effects on blood pressure are modest and inconsistent across trials. Monitoring blood pressure remains part of routine TRT follow-up, especially with fluid retention or erythrocytosis.
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Latest evidence
Recent core studies
Recently published studies linked to evidence analyses in this focus area.
Pharmacotherapy · 2026
Menopausal Hormone Therapy: A Narrative Review of Contemporary Evidence.
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European journal of preventive cardiology · 2025
Relationship between 10- and 30-year PREVENT Risk Scores with Coronary Artery Calcium and Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: MESA.
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Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2025
Hormone therapy and insulin resistance in non-diabetic postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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