A surrogate marker of average blood glucose over 2–3 months. HbA1c is widely used in diabetes trials but is a surrogate endpoint — distinct from hard outcomes like MACE, kidney failure, or mortality.
A surrogate marker of average blood glucose over 2–3 months. HbA1c is widely used in diabetes trials but is a surrogate endpoint — distinct from hard outcomes like MACE, kidney failure, or mortality.