Research · PMID 12195899 · Landmark study
Reviewed by Neal Rouzier, MD, Preventive Medicine · Aug 2026
A curse to last 10,000 years. A nuclear-waste dump needs a 'keep out' sign with a long half-life.
U.S. news & world report · August 2002 · James M Pethokoukis
What this study found
This study examines A curse to last 10,000 years. A nuclear-waste dump needs a 'keep out' sign with a long half-life. Editorial review is required before publishing clinical takeaways.
Why this trial matters
WHI estrogen plus progestin
How RAGMD uses this study
Clinical questions this paper informs
Synthesis lives on the evidence question — this page shows where the study sits in that analysis.
Core study
Does hormone replacement therapy increase breast cancer risk?
Combined estrogen-progestin therapy is associated with a small increased breast cancer risk in WHI and observational data. Estrogen-alone in hysterectomized women showed lower risk in WHI, but interpretation depends on regimen, duration, and individual risk factors.
Open evidence analysisCore study
Is progestogen required to protect the endometrium with estrogen therapy?
Systemic estrogen in women with a uterus requires adequate progestogen exposure to prevent endometrial hyperplasia. Micronized progesterone and progestins differ in metabolic and VTE profiles.
Open evidence analysis