Testosterone Does Not Drive Prostate Cancer: Presenting the New Framework of Androgen Adequacy vs Inadequacy.

The Journal of urology · June 2026 · Abraham Morgentaler, Abdulmaged M Traish

What this study found

Testosterone does not drive PCa. Androgen adequacy vs inadequacy provides a scientifically sound framework to understand the relationship of testosterone and prostate pathophysiology.

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Landmark studyreview

Why this trial matters

Morgentaler testosterone prostate review

How RAGMD uses this study

Clinical questions this paper informs

Synthesis lives on the evidence question — this page shows where the study sits in that analysis.

Core study

Does testosterone therapy increase prostate cancer risk?

Current systematic reviews and trial secondary analyses do not show a convincing increase in prostate cancer incidence among hypogonadal men treated with testosterone, though surveillance remains standard practice.

Open evidence analysis

Supporting literature

Does testosterone replacement increase cardiovascular risk?

Large randomized data (including TRAVERSE) do not show a significant increase in major adverse cardiovascular events with testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men over median follow-up of roughly three years. Older observational studies conflict, and absolute risk depends on baseline cardiovascular disease, formulation, and monitoring.

Open evidence analysis

Supporting literature

Does testosterone therapy reduce cardiovascular events?

TRAVERSE found no significant difference in major adverse cardiovascular events between testosterone and placebo over trial follow-up. Meta-analyses of earlier trials are mixed; testosterone should not be prescribed primarily for cardiovascular protection.

Open evidence analysis

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